一种新型低温酸性铝合金抛光剂的制备及其性能研究

何园, 金凤, 谷浩阳, 刘万青

合肥华清高科表面技术股份有限公司
通信作者: 何园 (1986-), 工程师, 研究领域: 金属及非金属表面处理, E-mail: 664520171@qq.com

Preparation and Performance Study of a Novel Low-Temperature Acidic Polishing Agent for Aluminum Alloys

HE Yuan, JIN Feng, GU Haoyang, LIU Wanqing

Hefei Huaqing High-Tech Surface Technology Co., Ltd.
Corresponding Author: HE Yuan (1986-), Engineer, Research Focus: Metal and Non-Metal Surface Treatment, E-mail: 664520171@qq.com

文章历史: 收稿日期: 2026-04-23

摘    要
为解决传统铝合金化学抛光体系存在的高温能耗高、硝酸体系易产生黄烟污染、工艺安全性差、普适性不足等行业痛点，以磷酸-硫酸混合酸为基液，复合氧化剂、光亮剂等为添加剂，开发了一种可在较低温度（65 ℃）下运行的新型酸性化学抛光剂；结合单因素实验以及性能测试，考察了磷酸/硫酸体积比、复合氧化剂及光亮剂添加量对6061铝合金抛光质量（光泽度、腐蚀量及外观）的影响。结果显示：优化后的抛光剂在65 ℃、1.0 min的工艺条件下，对1060、5052、6061及2024 4种典型牌号铝合金均能实现优异抛光效果，其中6061合金的光泽度可达(208±5) GU,腐蚀量仅为(1.1±0.2) mg/cm²；2 L抛光剂间歇式累计处理5 dm²面积后，其抛光性能与新配溶液相比，差异性极小。本抛光体系避免了传统硝酸-磷酸-硫酸体系的高温、黄烟等环保与安全问题，为铝合金的绿色、低温化学抛光提供了新的技术方案。

Abstract
To solve the industrial pain points of traditional aluminum alloy chemical polishing systems, such as high energy consumption at high temperature, yellow fume pollution in nitric acid-based systems, poor process safety and insufficient universality, based on a phosphoric-sulfuric acid mixture as the base solution, with composite oxidizers, brighteners and other additives, a novel acidic chemical polishing agent capable of operating at a relatively low temperature (65 ℃) was developed. Combined with single-factor experimental investigations and performance characterization, the effects of the phosphoric-to-sulfuric acid volume ratio, composite oxidizer content and brightener dosage on the polishing quality of 6061 aluminum alloy were investigated, such as glossiness, corrosion amount, and appearance. Under optimized conditions at 65 ℃ for 1.0 min, the polishing agent achieved excellent results on four typical aluminum alloy grades, such as 1060, 5052, 6061, and 2024. For the 6061 alloy, the glossiness reached (208±5) GU, and the corrosion amount was only (1.1±0.2) mg/cm². Compared to the freshly prepared solution, the polishing performance of polishing solution showed minimal difference after intermittent cumulative treatment of 5 dm² surface area with 2 L. This polishing system avoided the high-temperature operation and hazardous fume emissions associated with the traditional nitric-phosphoric-sulfuric acid process, offering a new technical solution for the green, low-temperature chemical polishing of aluminum alloys.

关键词
铝合金; 化学抛光; 低温抛光; 磷酸-硫酸; 光泽度; 腐蚀量

Keywords
aluminum alloy; chemical polishing; low-temperature polishing; phosphoric acid-sulfuric acid; glossiness; mass loss

引用文本
何园, 金凤, 谷浩阳, 等. 一种新型低温酸性铝合金抛光剂的制备及其性能研究[J]. 表面工程与再制造, 2026, 26(4): 64-68. DOI:10.26935/j.issn.2097-5317.2026.0025.

HE Yuan, JIN Feng, GU Haoyang, et al. Preparation and Performance Study of a Novel Low-Temperature Acidic Polishing Agent for Aluminum Alloys[J]. Surface Engineering & Remanufacturing, 2026, 26(4): 64-68. DOI:10.26935/j.issn.2097-5317.2026.0025.

中图分类号
TG175

基金项目
无

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