锅炉管结渣层干冰清洗累积损伤的有限元分析

杨震¹, 覃恩伟² , 李驾¹, 陆海峰^3,4, 阮新宇¹, 黄欢¹

1. 常熟浦发第二热电能源有限公司
2. 苏州工业职业技术学院智能装备学院
3. 中广核智造科技(苏州)有限公司
4. 苏州热工研究院有限公司
通信作者: 覃恩伟 (1981-), 博士, 正高级工程师, 研究领域: 金属构件服役行为及表面强化, E-mail: qinew@siit.edu.cn

Finite Element Analysis on Cumulative Damage Evolution Mechanism in Dry Ice Cleaning of Slagging Layers on Boiler Tubes

YANG Zhen¹, QIN Enwei² , LI Jia¹, LU Haifeng^3,4, RUAN Xinyu¹, HUANG Huan¹

1. Changshu Pufa No.2 Thermal Power Co., Ltd.
2. School of Intelligent Equipment, Suzhou Vocational Institute of Industrial Technology
3. CGN Intelligent Manufacturing Technology (Suzhou) Co., Ltd.
4. Suzhou Nuclear Power Research Institute Co., Ltd.
Corresponding Author: QIN Enwei (1981-), Ph.D., Professorate Senior Engineer, Research Focus: Service Performance and Surface Strengthening of Metallic Components, E-mail: qinew@siit.edu.cn

文章历史: 收稿日期: 2026-05-13

摘    要
针对垃圾焚烧锅炉受热面结渣高效绿色清洗难题，基于有限元显式动力学分析，系统探究了干冰颗粒冲击作用下结渣层动态损伤演化机制与工艺临界阈值。建立干冰单颗粒冲击、脉冲应力波等效冲击2类数值模型，确定干冰清洗关键工艺参数阈值，并复现高频连续扫描清洗全过程。结果表明：单颗粒冲击存在明确临界阈值，临界冲击速度为30 m/s，最优喷嘴倾角区间70°～90°；多脉冲循环载荷作用下，结渣层损伤呈现“微损伤孕育—裂纹网络快速扩展—宏观成片剥落”3阶段非线性演化规律，系统动能阶跃波动与界面渐进脱粘进程高度同步。等效脉冲压力45.00 MPa为结渣层临界剥落阈值，载荷提升至50.00 MPa时，损伤演化进入饱和平台区。实验观测形貌与仿真计算结果吻合度良好，验证了所建模型的可靠性。本研究揭示了干冰清洗非线性累积损伤内在机理，明确了高效低损伤清洗工艺窗口，可为电站锅炉受热面智能运维提供量化理论依据。

Abstract
To address the challenge of efficient and eco-friendly cleaning of slag deposits on heat transfer surfaces in waste-to-energy boilers, this study systematically investigated the dynamic damage evolution mechanism and critical process thresholds of slag layers under dry ice particle impact based on finite element explicit dynamics analysis. Single-particle impact and equivalent pulse stress wave impact numerical models were established to determine key parameter thresholds for dry ice cleaning, and the full process of high-frequency continuous sweeping cleaning was reproduced. The results showed that distinct critical thresholds existed for single-particle impact: the critical impact velocity was 30 m/s, and the optimal nozzle inclination angle ranged from 70° to 90°. Under multi-pulse cyclic loading, slag damage underwent a three-stage nonlinear evolution: micro-damage incubation-rapid crack network propagation-macroscopic bulk spalling. The stepwise fluctuation of system kinetic energy was highly synchronized with the progressive interface debonding process. An equivalent pulse pressure of 45.00 MPa was identified as the critical spalling threshold; when the load increased to 50.00 MPa, damage evolution entered a saturation plateau. The strong consistency between experimental morphology observations and simulation results verified the reliability of the proposed model. This work revealed the intrinsic nonlinear cumulative damage mechanism of dry ice cleaning, defined an efficient and low-damage process window, and provided a quantitative theoretical basis for intelligent operation and maintenance of boiler heat transfer surfaces in power plants.

关键词
干冰清洗; 结渣; 有限元分析; 显式动力学

Keywords
dry ice cleaning; slagging; finite element analysis (FEA); explicit dynamics

引用文本
杨震, 覃恩伟, 李驾, 等. 锅炉管结渣层干冰清洗累积损伤的有限元分析[J]. 表面工程与再制造, 2026, 26(4): 12-18. DOI:10.26935/j.issn.2097-5317.2026.0020.

YANG Zhen, QIN Enwei, LI Jia, et al. Finite Element Analysis on Cumulative Damage Evolution Mechanism in Dry Ice Cleaning of Slagging Layers on Boiler Tubes[J]. Surface Engineering & Remanufacturing, 2026, 26(4): 12-18. DOI:10.26935/j.issn.2097-5317.2026.0020.

中图分类号
TM621.2

基金项目
江苏省基础研究计划(自然科学基金)面上项目 (BK20211079)

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