Ni60-TiC含量变化对激光熔覆Ni60-TiC-SiC涂层组织及耐磨性能的影响
魏弦, 刘昊, 赵杰, 代礼阳, 庞铭宏
攀枝花学院
魏弦 (1980-), 博士, 教授, 主要从事表面工程、先进制造技术的研究, 邮箱: xianwei@pzhu.edu.cn
The Influence of Changes in Ni60-TiC Content on the Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Laser Cladding Ni60-TiC-SiC Coatings
WEI Xian, LIU Hao, ZHAO Jie, DAI Liyang, PANG Mingwen
Panzhihua University
Corresponding Author: WEI Xian (1980-), Doctor, Professor, Research Focus: Surface Engineering, Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Email: xianwei@pzhu.edu.cn
文章历史: 收稿日期: 2026-03-17
摘 要
为提高装甲车辆轮轴在高载荷及复杂摩擦工况下的服役可靠性，针对TC4钛合金硬度低、耐磨性差等缺陷，采用激光熔覆技术在TC4钛合金表面制备了Ni60含量（质量分数，下同）分别为55%、65%、75%，对应TiC含量分别为35%、25%、15%（SiC含量固定为10%）的Ni60-TiC-SiC复合涂层。利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析及X射线衍射等手段，对涂层的显微组织、相组成及元素分布进行了系统分析，并结合显微硬度测试及摩擦磨损试验，研究了Ni60/TiC含量变化对涂层耐磨性能的影响规律。结果表明，3种复合涂层均与TC4基体形成良好的冶金结合，主要物相为TiC、Ti5Si3及富Al的Ti2Ni。随着Ni60含量增加（伴随TiC含量降低），涂层组织由细小致密的胞状枝晶逐渐向粗化枝晶结构演化。其中，65%Ni60涂层组织最为均匀致密，强化相分布合理，平均显微硬度最高，约为950 HV0.2，局部峰值可达到约1 300 HV0.2，较基体提高近3倍。摩擦磨损试验结果表明，65%Ni60涂层的平均摩擦系数最低（约0.36），磨损质量损失最小，表现出轻微磨粒磨损与稳定氧化膜协同作用机制；55%Ni60涂层以磨粒磨损为主，而75%Ni60涂层则表现为黏着磨损与氧化磨损并存。综合来看，适中的Ni60/TiC配比有助于优化强化相分布及组织致密性，使涂层在硬度与韧性之间实现良好匹配。65%Ni60复合涂层表现出最优的综合耐磨性能，可为装甲车辆轮轴等高载荷摩擦部件的表面强化提供技术支撑。
Abstract
To enhance the service reliability of armored vehicle axles under high loads and complex friction conditions, in view of the shortcomings of TC4 titanium alloy such as low hardness and poor wear resistance, this study employed laser cladding technology to fabricate Ni60-TiC-SiC composite coatings on the surface of TC4 titanium alloy. The coatings contained Ni60 at 55 wt.%, 65 wt.%, and 75 wt.%, corresponding to TiC contents of 35 wt.%, 25 wt.%, and 15 wt.%, respectively, while the SiC content was fixed at 10 wt.%.The microstructure, phase composition and elemental distribution of the coating were systematically analyzed by means of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy spectrum analysis and X-ray diffraction. Combined with microhardness testing and friction and wear tests, the influence law of Ni60/TiC content changes on the wear resistance of the coating was studied. The results showed that all three composite coatings formed good metallurgical bonds with the TC4 substrate, and the main phases were TiC, Ti5Si3 and Al rich Ti2Ni. With the increase of Ni60 content (accompanied by the decrease of TiC content), the coating structure gradually evolved from fine and dense cellular dendrites to a coarser dendrite structure. Among them, the 65%Ni60 coating had the most uniform and dense structure, with a reasonable distribution of strengthening phases and the average microhardness reached the highest value of approximately 950 HV0.2, with local peak values up to about 1 300 HV0.2, which was nearly three times higher than that of the substrate. The friction and wear results showed that the average friction coefficient of the 65%Ni60 coating was the lowest (about 0.36), and the wear mass loss was the smallest, demonstrating a synergistic mechanism of slight abrasive wear and stable oxide film. The 55%Ni60 coating was mainly characterized by abrasive wear, while the 75%Ni60 coating showed a coexistence of adhesive wear and oxidative wear. Overall, a moderate Ni60/TiC ratio helped optimize the distribution of strengthening phases and the density of the microstructure, enabling the coating to achieve a good match between hardness and toughness. The 65%Ni60 composite coating exhibited the best comprehensive wear resistance and could provide technical support for surface strengthening of high-load friction components such as wheel axles of armored vehicles.
关键词
Ni-TiC-SiC复合涂层; 激光熔覆; TC4; 耐磨性能
Keywords
Ni-TiC-SiC composite coating; laser cladding; TC4; wear resistance
引用文本
魏弦, 刘昊, 赵杰, 等. Ni60-TiC含量变化对激光熔覆Ni60-TiC-SiC涂层组织及耐磨性能的影响[J]. 表面工程与再制造, 2026, 26(3): 39-49. DOI:10.26935/j.issn.2097-5317.2026.0017.
WEI Xian, LIU Hao, ZHAO Jie, et al. The Influence of Changes in Ni60-TiC Content on the Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Laser Cladding Ni60-TiC-SiC Coatings[J]. Surface Engineering & Remanufacturing, 2026, 26(3): 39-49. DOI:10.26935/j.issn.2097-5317.2026.0017.
中图分类号
TG665;TG174.4
基金项目
四川省自然科学基金项目 (2023NSFSC0414); 钛合金先进制造技术四川省高等学校工程研究中心项目 (TM-2024-Z-01); 攀枝花学院研究生创新计划项目 (y2024001)
实验研究
