探究制药环境中硝酸型与柠檬酸型钝化剂的适用性

李娟华¹, 祝闻², 刘子灿¹

1. 广东凯盟钝化防锈技术有限公司
2. 东莞理工学院材料科学与工程学院
刘子灿 (1980-), 高级工程师, 研究领域: 金属腐蚀与防护, E-mail: 103481224@qq.com

Investigation on the Applicability of Nitric Acid Type and Citric Acid Type Passivators in Pharmaceutical Environments

LI Juanhua¹, ZHU Wen², LIU Zican¹

1. Guangdong Kaimeng Passivation and Rust Prevention Technology Co., Ltd.
2. School of Materials Science and Engineering Dongguan University of Technology
Corresponding Author: LIU Zican (1980-), Senior Engineer, Research Focus: Corrosion and Protection of Metal, E-mail: 103481224@qq.com

文章历史: 收稿日期: 2026-04-29

摘    要
为探究单一硝酸型（HG-1）、单一柠檬酸型（HG-2）、硝酸复合型（HG-3）、柠檬酸复合型（HG-4）钝化所形成的钝化膜在常规制药环境中的适用性，采用20%NaCl溶液浸泡法和120 ℃高温浸泡法，研究不同钝化处理在含Cl^-环境中常温及高温条件下的耐蚀情况。结果表明：在含Cl^-及120 ℃高温条件下，复合型钝化的腐蚀面积比单一型钝化小，且硝酸复合型比柠檬酸复合型小。通过电化学分析得出腐蚀电流密度为：HG-1为8.51×10^-7 A/cm²，HG-2为8.91×10^-7 A/cm²，HG-3为7.24×10^-7 A/cm²，HG-4为7.59×10^-7 A/cm²；根据缓蚀率公式计算发现，HG-3钝化后的缓蚀率为64.51%，较HG-1缓蚀率提高6.23%；HG-4缓蚀率为62.79%，较HG-2缓蚀率提高6.47%。通过扫描电镜（SEM）和XPS分析可知：硝酸复合型和柠檬酸复合型所形成的钝化膜致密覆盖并填充了表面缺陷，阻隔了304不锈钢与外界腐蚀介质接触，减少了孔缝形成的浓差电池产生的局部腐蚀，从而提高了耐蚀性。采用核黄素荧光检测方法，对比不同类型钝化处理后的表面洁净度，在紫外线检测灯照射下，表面均无荧光亮点，符合洁净度要求。因此，对于制药环境中医疗制药设备的钝化防护，特别是存在Cl^-、高温等腐蚀因素时，硝酸复合型钝化剂的耐蚀性最强，其次是柠檬酸复合型。

Abstract
In order to explore the applicability of passivation films formed by single nitric acid type (HG-1), single citric acid type (HG-2), nitric acid composite type (HG-3) and citric acid composite type (HG-4) in conventional pharmaceutical environment, the corrosion resistance of different passivation treatments at room temperature and high temperature in Cl^--containing environment was studied by 20% NaCl solution immersion method and 120 ℃ high temperature immersion method. The results showed that under the conditions of Cl^--containing and 120 ℃ high temperature, the corrosion area of composite passivation was smaller than that of single passivation, and the corrosion area of nitric acid composite passivation was smaller than that of citric acid composite passivation. The corrosion current densities analyzed by electrochemistry were: HG-1 was 8.51×10^-7 A/cm², HG-2 was 8.91×10^-7 A/cm², HG-3 was 7.24×10^-7 A/cm², and HG-4 was 7.59×10^-7 A/cm². According to the corrosion inhibition rate formula, it was found that the corrosion inhibition rate of HG-3 after passivation was 64.51%, which was 6.23% higher than that of HG-1; the corrosion inhibition rate of HG-4 was 62.79%, which was 6.47% higher than that of HG-2. Through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and XPS analysis, it was found that the passivation films formed by nitric acid composite and citric acid composite densely covered and filled the surface defects, blocked 304 stainless steel from contacting with external corrosive media, reduced local corrosion caused by concentration cells formed by pores and gaps, and thus improved corrosion resistance. The surface cleanliness of different types of passivation treatments was compared by riboflavin fluorescence detection. Under the irradiation of ultraviolet detection lamp, there were no fluorescent bright spots on the surface, which met the cleanliness requirements. Therefore, for the passivation protection of medical and pharmaceutical equipment in the pharmaceutical environment, especially in the presence of corrosion factors such as Cl^- and high temperature, the nitric acid composite passivator has the strongest corrosion resistance, followed by the citric acid composite passivator.

关键词
钝化; 硝酸; 柠檬酸; 耐蚀性; 制药环境

Keywords
passivation; nitric acid; citric acid; corrosion resistance; pharmaceutical environment

引用文本
李娟华, 祝闻, 刘子灿. 探究制药环境中硝酸型与柠檬酸型钝化剂的适用性[J]. 表面工程与再制造, 2026, 26(3): 20-28. DOI:10.26935/j.issn.2097-5317.2026.0015.

LI Juanhua, ZHU Wen, LIU Zican. Investigation on the Applicability of Nitric Acid Type and Citric Acid Type Passivators in Pharmaceutical Environments[J]. Surface Engineering & Remanufacturing, 2026, 26(3): 20-28. DOI:10.26935/j.issn.2097-5317.2026.0015.

中图分类号
TG174.4;TQ460.5

基金项目
无

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