铝合金常温碱性化学预镀镍工艺研究

赵涛^1,2, 张德忠^1,2, 郭涌³, 丰远航^1,2, 王金玲^1,2, 张同晓³

1. 中国机械总院集团武汉材料保护研究所有限公司
2. 特种材料表面工程全国重点实验室
3. 深圳市一真化工科技有限公司
张德忠 (1974-), 研究员, 研究领域: 金属表面处理技术研发及其标准化, E-mail: dezhong8@foxmail.com

Study on the Room-Temperature Alkaline Chemical Pre-Nickel Plating Process for Aluminum Alloys

ZHAO Tao^1,2, ZHANG Dezhong^1,2, GUO Yong³, FENG Yuanhang^1,2, WANG Jinling^1,2, ZHANG Tongxiao³

1. China Academy of Machinery Wuhan Research Institute of Materials Protection Co., Ltd.
2. State Key Laboratory of Special Materials Surface Engineering
3. Shenzhen Yizhen Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.
Corresponding Author: ZHANG Dezhong (1974-), Researcher, Research Focus: Development of Metal Surface Treatment Technologies and Standardization of Surface Engineering, E-mail: dezhong8@foxmail.com

文章历史: 收稿日期: 2026-04-03

摘    要
为了提高铝合金镀层的结合强度，避免传统浸锌工艺中锌离子溶解对化学镀镍槽液的污染与催化毒化，延长化学镀镍溶液的使用寿命，开发了一种适用于铝合金的常温碱性化学预镀镍工艺，可获得附着强度优异的镀层。通过正交试验，分析了镀液组分对镀层孔隙率的影响规律，并优选出镀液的最佳配方。采用控制变量法，系统考察了温度、pH值及施镀时间对镀速、镀液稳定性与镀层附着强度的影响，并结合扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察镀层生长的规律，明确了最佳施镀工艺参数。结果表明，预镀镍溶液的最佳配方为：硫酸镍25.0 g/L、次磷酸钠20.0 g/L、柠檬酸钠40.0 g/L、加速剂F 5.0 g/L、稳定剂I 20.0 mg/L;确定施镀工艺范围为：常温、pH值为8～10、施镀时间5.0～20.0 min。在此条件下所得镀层厚度宜控制在0.25～0.50 μm之间，可有效保证镀层质量。

Abstract
To enhance the adhesion strength of coatings on aluminum alloys, prevent contamination and catalytic poisoning of electroless nickel plating baths caused by dissolved zinc ions in conventional zinc immersion processes, and extend the service life of electroless nickel plating solutions, a room-temperature alkaline electroless pre-nickel plating process suitable for aluminum alloys was developed, capable of producing coatings with excellent adhesion strength. Orthogonal experiments were used to analyze the influence pattern of bath components on coating porosity, and the optimal bath formulation was determined. The controlled variable method was systematically applied to investigate the effects of temperature, pH value, and plating time on plating rate, bath stability, and coating adhesion strength. In conjunction with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations of the growth pattern of the coating, the optimal plating process parameters were clarified. The results showed that the optimal formulation for the pre-nickel plating solution was: nickel sulfate 25.0 g/L, sodium hypophosphite 20.0 g/L, sodium citrate 40.0 g/L, accelerator F 5.0 g/L, and stabilizer I 20.0 mg/L. The optimal plating conditions were: room temperature, pH=8-10, and a plating time of 5.0-20.0 min. Under these conditions, the resulting coating thickness should be controlled within the range of 0.25 to 0.50 μm, which can effectively ensure coating quality.

关键词
铝合金; 常温; 碱性; 化学预镀镍; 孔隙率; 附着强度

Keywords
aluminum alloy; room temperature; alkaline; chemical pre-nickel plating; porosity; adhesion strength

引用文本
赵涛, 张德忠, 郭涌, 等. 铝合金常温碱性化学预镀镍工艺研究[J]. 表面工程与再制造, 2026, 26(3): 13-19. DOI:10.26935/j.issn.2097-5317.2026.0014.

ZHAO Tao, ZHANG Dezhong, GUO Yong, et al. Study on the Room-Temperature Alkaline Chemical Pre-Nickel Plating Process for Aluminum Alloys[J]. Surface Engineering & Remanufacturing, 2026, 26(3): 13-19. DOI:10.26935/j.issn.2097-5317.2026.0014.

中图分类号
TG174.4

基金项目
无

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