喷砂工艺参数对45钢表面粗糙度的影响及优化研究

李作锋

洛阳双瑞精铸钛业有限公司
通信作者: 李作锋 (1976-), 高级工, 研究领域: 表面处理, E-mail: 649412470@qq.com

Study on Influence and Optimization of Sandblasting Process Parameters on Surface Roughness of 45 Steel

LI Zuofeng

Luoyang Sunrui Titanium Precision Casting Co., Ltd.
Corresponding Author: LI Zuofeng (1976-), Senior Technician, Research Focus: Surface Treatment, E-mail: 649412470@qq.com

文章历史: 收稿日期: 2026-03-30

摘    要
为精准把控45钢喷砂预处理表面质量，适配后续涂层结合工艺要求，以36、46目棕刚玉为磨料，通过单因素试验与正交试验，探究喷砂压力、磨料粒径、喷砂距离、喷砂时间对45钢表面粗糙度的影响规律，并完成工艺参数优化。结果表明：各参数对粗糙度影响程度依次为磨料粒径>喷砂压力>喷砂时间>喷砂距离；表面粗糙度随喷砂压力、喷砂时间增大而升高，随喷砂距离增大而降低，36目棕刚玉粗化效果优于46目棕刚玉。经混合水平正交试验极差分析确定最优工艺组合：喷砂压力0.5 MPa、36目棕刚玉、喷砂距离120 mm、喷砂时间40 s，该工艺下算术平均偏差R_a=5.32 μm、标准差0.08 μm、均方根粗糙度R_q=5.41 μm，粗糙度均匀稳定，可满足工程应用需求。

Abstract
To accurately control the surface quality of 45 steel after sandblasting pretreatment and meet the process requirements of subsequent coating adhesion, brown corundum of 36 and 46 mesh was adopted as the abrasive. Single-factor tests and orthogonal tests were conducted to explore the influence laws of sandblasting pressure, abrasive particle size, sandblasting distance and sandblasting time on the surface roughness of 45 steel, and the process parameters were optimized. The results showed that the influence degree of each parameter on surface roughness followed the order: abrasive particle size > sandblasting pressure > sandblasting time > sandblasting distance. The surface roughness increased with the increase of sandblasting pressure and sandblasting time, while decreased with the increase of sandblasting distance. The roughening effect of 36 mesh brown corundum is superior to that of 46 mesh brown corundum. The optimal process combination was determined by range analysis of mixed-level orthogonal tests: sandblasting pressure 0.5 MPa, 36 mesh brown corundum, sandblasting distance 120 mm, and sandblasting time 40 s. Under this process, the arithmetic mean deviation R_a was 5.32 μm, the standard deviation was 0.08 μm, and the root mean square roughness R_q was 5.41 μm. The surface roughness was uniform and stable, which can meet the requirements of engineering application.

关键词
喷砂工艺; 表面粗糙度; 45钢; 棕刚玉; 参数优化; 表面预处理

Keywords
sandblasting technology; surface roughness; 45 steel; brown corundum; parameter optimization; surface pretreatment

引用文本
李作锋. 喷砂工艺参数对45钢表面粗糙度的影响及优化研究[J]. 表面工程与再制造, 2026, 26(2): 30-34. DOI:10.26935/j.issn.2097-5317.2026.0009.

LI Zuofeng. Study on Influence and Optimization of Sandblasting Process Parameters on Surface Roughness of 45 Steel[J]. Surface Engineering & Remanufacturing, 2026, 26(2): 30-34. DOI:10.26935/j.issn.2097-5317.2026.0009.

中图分类号
TG174.4

基金项目
无

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