不同预处理工艺对304不锈钢在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为影响

郭宇¹，杨琦²，马强³，杨伟芳³，钟雪泉³，陈凯³

1.湖州学院智能制造学院

2.湖州师范学院工学院

3.浙江金洲管道科技股份有限公司

通信作者: 杨琦（1996-），讲师，博士，主要研究方向智能装备多尺度建模与优化设计、新能源和环保技术研发，电话：17857002210，E-mail：yangqi@zjhu.edu.cn

Effect of Different Pretreatment Processes on the Corrosion Behavior of 304 Stainless Steel in 3.5% NaCl Solution

GUO Yu ¹, YANG Qi ², MA Qiang ³, YANG Weifang ³, ZHONG Xuequan ³, CHEN Kai ³

1.School of Intelligent Manufacturing, Huzhou College

2.School of Engineering, Huzhou University

3.Zhejiang Kingland Pipeline & Technologies Co., Ltd.

Corresponding authors: YANG Qi (1996-), Lecturer, Ph.D., Research Focus: Multi-scale Modeling and Optimization Design of Intelligent Equipment, as well as the Development of New Energy and Environmental Protection Technologies, Tel.: 17857002210, E-mail: yangqi@zjhu.edu.cn

文章历史：收稿日期：2025-05-13

摘  要

304不锈钢在含氯环境中的腐蚀问题严重制约其工程应用，系统研究预处理工艺对其耐腐蚀性能的影响具有重要实践价值。通过动电位极化曲线与交流阻抗谱（EIS）分析了分别经光亮固溶、环保酸酸洗及HNO₃+HF酸洗处理的304不锈钢在3.5%NaCl溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为，结合浸泡实验和中性盐雾实验，评估不同预处理样品在自然条件下的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明，光亮固溶处理样品腐蚀电流密度最低（J_corr=3.923×10⁻⁷ A/cm²），腐蚀速率较未处理样品（0.041 43 mm/a）降低85.2%，其优异的耐腐蚀性能归因于经光亮固溶处理后，合金的相组成为单一奥氏体，合金元素间的电位差减小；环保酸酸洗显著提升了点蚀电位[E_pit=116 mV (vs. SCE)],表明样品的抗点蚀能力增强；HNO₃+HF酸洗样品钝化区间显著增加，表明钝化膜稳定性增强。因此，3种预处理工艺均能有效改善304不锈钢的耐腐蚀性能，其中经光亮固溶处理后的304不锈钢的耐腐蚀性能提升最明显，适用于高均匀耐蚀需求场景。

Abstract

The corrosion of 304 stainless steel in chloride-containing environments severely limits its engineering applications. A systematic investigation into the effects of pretreatment processes on its corrosion resistance holds significant practical value. In this study, the electrochemical corrosion behavior of 304 stainless steel subjected to bright solution treatment, environmentally friendly acid pickling, and HNO₃+HF pickling in a 3.5%NaCl solution was analyzed using potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The long-term corrosion resistance of pretreated samples under natural conditions was further evaluated through immersion tests and neutral salt spray experiments. The results demonstrated that the bright solution-treated sample exhibited the lowest corrosion current density (J_corr=3.923×10⁻⁷ A/cm²) and a corrosion rate reduction of 85.2% compared to the untreated sample (0.041 43 mm/a). The superior corrosion resistance results from the bright solution treatment, which transforms the alloy's phase composition into a single austenite and reduces the potential difference between its elements. Environmentally friendly acid pickling significantly increased the pitting potential (E_pit=116 mV vs. SCE), thereby enhancing localized pitting resistance. HNO₃+HF pickling markedly broadened the passive region, with improved stability of the passive film. In conclusion, all three pretreatment processes effectively enhanced the corrosion resistance of 304 stainless steel. Among them, bright solution treatment achieved the most pronounced improvement in corrosion resistance, making it suitable for applications requiring high uniform corrosion resistance, while environmentally friendly acid pickling and HNO₃+HF pickling offered targeted enhancements in pitting resistance and passive film stability, respectively.

关键词

304不锈钢 ; 光亮固溶 ; 酸洗 ; 奥氏体组织 ; 晶格畸变 ; 钝化膜性能 ; 电化学

Keywords

304 stainless steel ; bright solution treatment ; pickling ; austenitic structure ; lattice distortion ; passivation film performance ; electrochemistry

引用本文

郭宇, 杨琦, 马强, 杨伟芳, 钟雪泉, 陈凯. 不同预处理工艺对304不锈钢在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为影响[J]. 表面工程与再制造, 2025, 25(4): 30-39. https://doi.org/10.26935/j.issn.2097-5317.2025.0022

GUO Yu, YANG Qi, MA Qiang, YANG Weifang, ZHONG Xuequan, CHEN Kai. Effect of Different Pretreatment Processes on the Corrosion Behavior of 304 Stainless Steel in 3.5% NaCl Solution[J]. Surface Engineering & Remanufacturing, 2025, 25(4): 30-39. https://doi.org/10.26935/j.issn.2097-5317.2025.0022

中图分类号

TG172

基金项目

浙江省“高层次人才特殊支持计划”科技创新领军人才项目(项目编号：2021R52029)；浙江金洲管道科技股份有限公司博士后工作站项目

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