1:湖州学院智能制造学院
2:湖州师范学院工学院
3:浙江金洲管道科技股份有限公司
摘要(Abstract)：
304不锈钢在含氯环境中的腐蚀问题严重制约其工程应用，系统研究预处理工艺对其耐腐蚀性能的影响具有重要实践价值。通过动电位极化曲线与交流阻抗谱(EIS)分析了分别经光亮固溶、环保酸酸洗及HNO_3+HF酸洗处理的304不锈钢在3.5%NaCl溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为，结合浸泡实验和中性盐雾实验，评估不同预处理样品在自然条件下的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明，光亮固溶处理样品腐蚀电流密度最低(J_(corr)=3.923×10~(-7) A/cm~2),腐蚀速率较未处理样品(0.041 43 mm/a)降低85.2%,其优异的耐腐蚀性能归因于经光亮固溶处理后，合金的相组成为单一奥氏体，合金元素间的电位差减小；环保酸酸洗显著提升了点蚀电位[E_(pit)=116 mV(vs. SCE)],表明样品的抗点蚀能力增强；HNO_3+HF酸洗样品钝化区间显著增加，表明钝化膜稳定性增强。因此，3种预处理工艺均能有效改善304不锈钢的耐腐蚀性能，其中经光亮固溶处理后的304不锈钢的耐腐蚀性能提升最明显，适用于高均匀耐蚀需求场景。
关键词(KeyWords)： 304不锈钢;光亮固溶;酸洗;奥氏体组织;晶格畸变;钝化膜性能;电化学
基金项目(Foundation): 浙江省“高层次人才特殊支持计划”科技创新领军人才项目(项目编号：2021R52029);; 浙江金洲管道科技股份有限公司博士后工作站项目~~
作者(Author): 郭宇,杨琦,马强,杨伟芳,钟雪泉,陈凯
DOI: 10.26935/j.issn.2097-5317.2025.0022
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